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小升初英语语法:虚拟语气

来源:无锡奥数网整理 2011-11-08 14:35:51

 如果你看到下列的句子,你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢?

  1.I wish I were a bird.

  2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

  也许你会说:"哈哈,第一句的 I were 错了,应该是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气",虽不很贴切;但在相当大的程度上,告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气",似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式,表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上,虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种;但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

  一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

  虚拟现在的句子,在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form),就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如:

  1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

   I work ---- I work

   you work ---- you work

   he works ---- he work (注意到了吗,是 work,不是 works)

   she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)

   it works ---- it work (同样不是 it works 喔)

   we work ---- we work

   they work ---- they work

  1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

  I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be,怪怪的!)

   you are working ---- you be working

   he is working ---- he be working

   she is working ---- she be working

   it is working ---- it be working

   we are working ---- we be working

   they are woring ---- they be working

  1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

  I have worked ---- I have worked

   you have worked ---- you have worked

   he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

   she has worked ---- she have worked

   it has worked ---- it have worked

   we have worked ---- we have worked

   they have worked ---- they have worked

  1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

   I have been working ---- I have been working

   you have been working ---- you have been working

   he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )

   she has been working ---- she have been working

   it has been working --- it have been working

   we have been working ---- we have been working

   they have been working ---- they have been working

  谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(二)

  二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)

  虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如:动词 be,在虚拟过去中要用 were。

  2.1 过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)

   I worked ---- I worked

   you worked ---- you worked

   he worked ---- he worked

   she worked ---- she worked

   it worked ---- it worked

   we worked ---- we worked

   they worked ---- they worked

  2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

   I was working ---- I were working (注意是 I were)

   you were working ---- you were working

   he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)

   she was working ---- she were working

   it was working ---- it were working

   we were working ---- we were working

   they were working ---- they were working

  2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

   I had worked ---- I had worked

   you had worked ---- you had worked

   he had worked ---- he had worked

   she had worked ---- she had worked

   it had worked ---- it had worked

   we had worked ---- we had worked

   they had worked ---- they had worked

   (耶,全部都用 had ! )

  2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

   I had been working ---- I had been working

   you had been working ---- you had been working

   he had been working ---- he had been working

   she had been working ---- she had been working

   it had been working ---- it had been working

   we had been working ---- we had been working

   they had been working ---- they had been working

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