2013年小升初英语备考：小升初英语100道易错题详细解析(3)

　　41.误〕 Three days after he died. 正〕 After three days he died. 〔正〕 Three days later he died.

　　〔析〕 after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after 在时间词前，而later在时间词后。

　　42.〔误〕 She hid herself after the tree. 〔正〕 She hid herself behind the tree.

　　〔析〕 after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。

　　43.〔误〕 There is a beautiful bird on the tree. 正〕 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.

　　〔析〕 树上长出的果实，树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.

　　44.〔误〕 Shanghai is on the east of China. 〔正〕 Shanghai is in the east of China.

　　〔析〕 在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in, on, to。 in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.

　　45.〔误〕 I arrived at New York on July 2nd. 〔正〕 I arrived in New York on July 2nd.

　　〔析〕 at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village。

　　46.〔误〕 He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road. 〔正〕 He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.

　　〔析〕 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法：at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page。

　　47.〔误〕 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall. 〔正〕 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.

　　〔析〕 在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.

　　48. 〔误〕 Do you know there is some good news on todays newspaper? 〔正〕 Do you know there is some good news in todays newspaper? 〔析〕 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。

　　49. 〔误〕 The school will begin on September 1st. 〔正〕 School will begin on September 1st.

　　〔析〕这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：at table (吃饭)， When I came to Toms home, they were at table. 还有： at desk (学习)，at work (工作) at school (上学)， in hospital (住医院) at church 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：at the school 即在学校工作或办事，in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。

　　50. 〔误〕 Ill leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow. 〔正〕 Ill leave Beijing for Shanghai. 〔正〕 Ill leave for Shanghai.

　　〔析〕 leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：start for 动身前往某处，set out for， sail for。

　　51. 〔误〕 Im sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop. 〔正〕 Im sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.

　　〔析〕 get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车，而get out为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲Wed better get in. 或Wed better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车：get on/off(a train, a ship, a struck) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)

　　52. 〔误〕 Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero. 〔正〕 Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero. 〔析〕 over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.

　　53.〔误〕 The Dead Sea is under the sea level. 〔正〕 The Dead Sea is below the sea level.

　　〔析〕在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。

　　54. 〔误〕 There is a big tree in the front of the house. 〔正〕 There is a big tree in front of the house.

　　in front of 是在物体外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.

　　55.〔误〕 It took them two days to walk across the forest. 〔正〕 It took them two days to walk through the forest.

　　〔析〕 across 作为介词有两个主要意思：① 横过，如：I want to walk across the street.② 对面，如：There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother.

　　56. 〔误〕 The sun sets toward the west. 〔正〕 The sun sets in the west.

　　〔析〕 towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时，其前面要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：I went south. 也可用作名词，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容词，如：I went to the south part of China.

　　57. 〔误〕 Can I write the exam paper with ink? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper with a pen? 〔正〕 Can I write the exam paper in ink? 〔析〕 with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。

　　58. 〔误〕 Im earlier today. I came here by his car. 〔正〕 Im earlier today. I came here in his car.

　　〔析〕在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi

　　by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by ship=on a ship

　　59. 〔误〕 A lot of French wines are made of grape. 〔正〕 A lot of French wines are made from grape.

　　〔析〕 made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：The desk was made of hard wood.

　　60.〔误〕 This is a good dictionary in English grammar. 〔正〕 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

　　〔析〕关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：This is a book about physics.即物理科普知识。

 

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